Applications

Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)

An automated guided vehicle is a mobile industrial vehicle that follows fixed guidance infrastructure, such as embedded floor wires, magnetic tape, or reflector-based laser triangulation, to transport materials along predetermined routes in factories and warehouses. AGVs stop when obstacles block their path rather than replanning around them, which distinguishes them from autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) that localize and navigate freely using onboard sensing.

Why it matters for physical AI

The industry-wide migration from infrastructure-bound AGVs to perception-driven AMRs illustrates the broader arc of physical AI: replacing engineered environmental structure with onboard intelligence that adapts to unmodified spaces.