Simulation
MuJoCo
MuJoCo (Multi-Joint dynamics with Contact) is a physics engine developed by Emo Todorov, designed for fast, stable simulation of articulated rigid bodies with contact, using generalized coordinates and a soft, convex contact model. Acquired by DeepMind in 2021 and open-sourced in 2022, it underpins benchmarks including dm_control, Meta-World, LIBERO, and Robosuite; MJX, its JAX rewrite, enables massively parallel GPU simulation.
Why it matters for physical AI
Simulation speed and contact fidelity gate how much reinforcement learning experience can be generated per dollar, and this engine's balance of both made it the default substrate for continuous-control research.
Build physical AI
Put these concepts to work on real hardware
Axol is a dual-arm robot built for physical AI — teleoperate it, collect demonstrations, and deploy learned policies out of the box.