Foundation Models

Pi0 (Physical Intelligence)

Pi0 is a vision-language-action foundation model released by Physical Intelligence in 2024 that pairs a pretrained vision-language backbone with a flow-matching action expert generating continuous action chunks at up to 50 Hz. Trained on a large cross-embodiment dataset spanning single-arm, dual-arm, and mobile manipulators, it demonstrated dexterous long-horizon tasks such as laundry folding and table bussing, and its open release made it a widely used base model for fine-tuning.

Why it matters for physical AI

Pi0 established flow matching over continuous actions as a leading recipe for dexterous, high-frequency control, and its open weights turned pretrain-then-fine-tune into a practical workflow for real robot deployments.