Software & Middleware

PyTorch

PyTorch is an open-source deep learning framework, originated at Meta AI in 2016, that builds computation graphs dynamically and provides automatic differentiation, GPU acceleration, and a large ecosystem of pretrained models. It dominates robot learning research: most vision-language-action models, diffusion policies, and reinforcement learning libraries, including projects like LeRobot, are implemented in it, with TorchScript and torch.compile supporting deployment.

Why it matters for physical AI

Framework choice shapes the research-to-robot pipeline, and PyTorch's dominance means robot learning inherits its tooling for distributed training, model exchange, and increasingly for optimized on-robot inference.