Safety & Standards

Risk Assessment

Risk assessment is the systematic identification, estimation, and evaluation of hazards posed by a robot system, followed by risk reduction measures, as required by machinery safety standards such as ISO 12100 and the industrial robot standards ISO 10218-1 and 10218-2. For collaborative applications, ISO/TS 15066 adds biomechanical force and pressure limits on human contact. The assessment determines required safeguarding, from fencing to speed and separation monitoring.

Why it matters for physical AI

No robot ships into workplaces without a documented risk assessment, and the process increasingly must grapple with learned behaviors whose responses cannot be exhaustively enumerated in advance.